Worldwide, farmers grow crops for the purpose of producing food and fiber. Agricultural production is a common agricultural practice. In this practice, all feed sources necessary for maintaining and producing crops are included. Some of the practices used in crop production are outlined below.
Improper harvesting methods can lead to the loss of a large part of the crops. Besides harvesting, storage is also a concern. Proper grain storage is essential because improper storage can lead to crop destruction due to pests or adverse environmental conditions.
Advanced Technologies
Hydroponics- Water is used instead of soil in hydroponics to grow plants. Solvents for water are made from mineral nutrient solutions. A perlite or gravel medium can be used to support the roots of terrestrial plants if they are grown with the roots exposed only to liquid.
Shade house- There are several types of shade houses, but typically they are enclosed by agro nets or any other woven material to allow sunlight, moisture, and air to pass through. Plants grow well in a microclimate that is conducive to their growth. Net houses are also known as shade net houses.
Brown fertilizing- Rather than growing green manures before flowering, brown fertilizing involves applying a selective herbicide to dry them out before flowering. BM uses co-culture green manure crops, preferably legumes, and then desiccates them with a selective herbicide shortly after sowing the main crop. A 'no-till' method of green manuring involves leaving desiccated green manures in the field without incorporating them into the soil and allowing them to decompose. As a result of herbicide spraying, desiccated leaves of green manure crops turn brown, leading to the name brown manuring.
Organic Farming- Organic production involves avoiding or limiting the application of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, genetically modified organisms, and feed additives for livestock. Crop rotation, use of crop residues and animal manures, legumes and green manures, off-farm organic wastes, biofertilizers, mechanical tillage, mineral-bearing rocks, and aspects of biological control are all essential for maintaining soil productivity and tilth, supplying plant nutrients, and controlling insect, weeds, and other pests.
Organizing themselves in production, certification, and marketing can result in improved food security by gaining greater productivity, repairing decades of environmental damage, and connecting small farm families with more sustainable distribution networks. The number of farmers who are no longer interested in farming has increased recently, and those that have been cultivating have moved to other countries. In order to promote food security or self-sufficiency, organic farming is a viable option. Land and water are poisoned when chemical fertilizers and toxic pesticides are used in large quantities. This leads to severe environmental consequences, such as erosion, reduction in soil fertility, groundwater contamination, and genetic erosion.
This holistic approach to production management promotes and enhances agroecosystem health, such as biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. Organic farming has been shown to increase yields even more than conventional farming methods. The percentage of organic farms with higher soil health indicators such as Also note the potential for nitrogen mineralization, as well as microbial abundance and diversity. Additionally, organic farms have a lower incidence of insects and diseases due to improved soil health. Integrating small-scale farming systems into rural economies can be a powerful means of revitalizing rural economies.
Used Super Absorbent Polymers in Agriculture- The new type of macromolecular synthetic water-absorbing polymer material known as Super Absorbent Polymers, also known as SAP, hydrogel, absorbent polymers, absorbent gels, super slurpers, and water gel, is a new type of water-absorbing polymer. Water may be absorbed by osmosis at a rate of 100,000% of its own weight in just a few hours, and the mineral forms granules in soil that enhance soil properties. White sugar-like SAPs are generally hygroscopic materials that swell in water to form a gel composed of separate particles that can retain moisture even under pressure because they are not flammable.
Agricultural Super Absorbent Polymers are prepared by solution or suspension polymerizing acrylic acids and cross-linking agents like potassium. Polyacrylates are formed by the chemical reaction of acrylic acid with cross-linkers, and their swelling capacity and gel modulus are greatly affected by the type and quantity of cross-linkers. A polyacrylate is non-toxic, non-irritating, and non-corrosive by nature. It has been proven that it is biodegradable with a degradation rate between 10% and 15%. Water can be absorbed by them, and 95% of it can be released from the roots of plants under suction pressure.
