As an externality, geographical factors can have a major effect on rural poverty, as droughts, for example, can reduce agricultural earnings, resulting in rural poverty. The delivery of institutional quality can also be problematic in remote rural areas. As a result of the study, a number of aspects of institutional quality are associated with reducing poverty, whereas others increase it due to their association with an increase in income inequality. This includes improvements in a stable government, a better law and order regime, and improvements in bureaucratic quality. It can play an important role in the identification of poverty, the regional tracking of poverty, and estimated expenditures for selected poverty reduction programs in India. In universal poverty alleviation programs, the poverty line is less important, even though it plays a crucial role in targeted poverty alleviation programs. All rural households can benefit from universal poverty alleviation programs in India since the benefits are not highly dependent on exact poverty estimates.
Rural Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India- The incumbent government has launched several poverty alleviation programs in India, such as PMJDY - a financial inclusion scheme, and PMGAY - a rural housing scheme. It aims to increase pension scheme beneficiary numbers in India, and it fosters infrastructure development in rural areas through the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY These include PMFBY, a crop insurance program, PMGSY, a targeted program at attracting irrigation investment, and the DDUGKY, a program that develops skills for rural youth (Sarkari Yojana, 2018).
Since many of these systems are relatively new, it is difficult to assess their performance. After the turn of the century, Mahatma Gandhi introduced the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) and the Public Distribution System (PDS).
Prior to the MGNREGA and the PDS, there were several older schemes designed to benefit poor people in rural India, including the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), the National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS), and the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS). People living in rural areas are guaranteed 150 days of paid work a year under the MGNREGA, which was enacted in 2006.
SVAMITVA scheme- As part of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj's SVAMITVA (Survey of villages and mapping with improvised technology in village areas) initiative, villagers are being surveyed and mapped. In order to be able to use their property for economic purposes, rural people must be able to document their residential properties.
This scheme uses drone technology to survey land parcels in rural areas inhabited by people.
Objective- By allowing rural Indians to use their property as a financial asset by taking loans and other financial benefits, we will bring them financial stability.
Swajal Scheme- It is the Ministry of Jal Shakti's goal to provide rural people in India with access to safe drinking water, cooking water, and other basic household needs. The water quality standard should be minimum at all times and in all circumstances and must be easily and conveniently accessible at all times and under all circumstances.
The Ministry, under the National Rural Drinking Water Programme, has launched a project named Swajal in February 2018 to provide access to drinking water in rural areas. Swajal is a demand-driven, community-centered program.
Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan- The Panchayati Raj System across India will be developed and strengthened under this scheme.
Goals - Build governance capacity within the PRI to achieve the SDGs.
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana- Among the many initiatives of the Government of India for the empowerment of deprived sections, Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana aims to implement all relevant Central and State programs to ensure the integrated development of selected villages.
To the greatest extent possible, they have all the social and physical infrastructure necessary for their socio-economic development.
Atrocities against SCs, untouchability, discrimination, segregation, and other social ills such as discrimination against girls and women, alcoholism, and substance abuse (drugs) are eliminated so that all sections of society can live in dignity and in harmony.
